How important is your credit score?
- Extremely Important!
Your credit score usually determines the price you pay for your money and everything that goes with it, (your mortgages, your auto loans and leases, your credit cards, signature loans and business loans-just to name a few.).
The most significant part of your credit report is obviously the score itself. Credit scores range from 350 to 850, with 850 being the best possible credit score you can receive and 350 being the worst.
There are five primary factors that determine your credit score:
1. Your Payment History – 35% impact on your credit score.
2. The Balance You Owe vs. Your Available Credit Lines – 30% impact on your credit score.
3. How long your accounts have been opened – 15% impact on your credit score.
4. Type of credit that you currently have opened – 10% impact on your score.
5. Recent inquiries made by creditors – 10% impact on your credit score.
(We’ll go over each of these areas in more detail below.)
1. Your Payment History:
Paying your debts on time and in full has a positive impact on your score, where as, late payments, judgments, charge-offs, collection accounts and bankruptcies have a negative impact. The worst account to have a late payment on is your mortgage. Late payments on your mortgage have the greatest negative impact on your score within the 12 month period preceding the origination of your credit report. In reverse, timely mortgage payments have the most positive effect on your score and are one of the most important factors lenders look for when evaluating your credit history.
(Many times a single late mortgage payment within the 12 month period preceding the origination of your credit report can hold up your approval process or possibly even cause you to be denied. It could also spell the difference between being offered the best market interest rate available or a considerably less attractive, unfavorable rate.)
This is not to say that your mortgage is the only debt you should pay on time. Your payment history on other debts (installment loans, credit cards, lines of credit, etc.) is also given a lot of weight.
The credit scoring systems evaluate how many late payments you have had and whether they were 30, 60 or 90 days late. It also takes into account whether your accounts are currently in default (greater than 90 days late). Additionally, the systems look at whether the late payments were consecutive, commonly referred to as “Rolling Lates.” If you only have one or two minor late payments on your report with no other derogatory marks, your score will not be too terribly affected but it will be affected somewhat. You will have a hard time getting over that critical 720 level and will be negatively affected in the first few months following the late occurrence.
- Bankruptcies and judgments are another major area of importance.
If you have had any bankruptcies within the last 7 years, it will seriously affect your ability to borrow or establish new credit accounts. Additionally, if you have had any judgments within the last several years, it is very important that you pay off the judgment and get a “satisfaction of judgment” from the court. Any unsatisfied or recent judgments will make a bad dent in your credit score and adversely affect your ability to borrow. Usually, judgments and liens must be paid prior to the closing. However, in some cases, they can be paid out of the loan proceeds.
- Four practical steps that you can implement to improve your credit score:
1. Make all your payments on time.
(Past dues on any account will destroy your score – bring your delinquent accounts current immediately. A 30 day late payment one month ago is worse than a 90 day late payment three years ago.)
2. Pay your bills before they go to a collection agency if they are in a delinquent status.
3. Check your credit report for accuracy on a regular basis; and make sure that disputed bills are not negatively affecting your credit score and have been updated by the credit bureaus.
You can accomplish this by accessing www.annualcreditreport.com once a year for a free copy of your report which gives you the ability to dispute items online.
4. Keep your balances on your revolving accounts, i.e. credit cards and lines of credit below 50% of the available credit limit. Keeping your balances below 30% has an even better effect on your credit score.
2. The Balance You Owe vs. Your Available Credit Lines:
Keeping your credit balances below 50% of your available limit is very important. Keeping your balances below 30% of your available credit is even better. This is perhaps the single most misunderstood part of credit scoring. There are a lot of misinformed people that don’t understand how the credit scoring systems work, and yet they insist on pretending to be experts in this area.
- Four common myths regarding calculation of your credit score:
1. You should close all your credit accounts if you are not using them.
2. You should not have credit accounts appear on your report after they have been closed.
3. You should not have any open credit card accounts at all.
4. You should not have high limits on your credit lines.
(First of all, the credit scoring system looks at the percentage of debt that you owe compared to your overall credit lines – not the amount of credit that you have available to you. For this reason, most of the time it is better to leave your credit accounts opened. By not using the credit that is available to you, the system regards you as having enough financial restraint and discipline not to overload on debt.)
Remember, the credit scoring system looks at the percentage of debt you owe compared to your overall credit line.
(For instance, if you owe $10,000, and you have $100,000 of credit available to you, you are only using 10% of your available credit line. On the other hand, if you owe $10,000 and you only have $20,000 of credit available to you, you are using 50% of your available credit line. This is negatively interpreted by the credit scoring system as being a strong dependence on credit. Furthermore, if you owe $10,000 and you only have $10,000 available to you, you have “maxed out” your available credit and your credit scores will be very negatively impacted.)
Therefore, it is not how much you owe, but how much you owe compared to what you are able to borrow. Additionally, if you have no debt and no credit lines open or available to you, you will end up with a lower score than someone who has no debt and a few lines of credit available to them. Financing is a game of percentages and ratios. The credit scoring system does not look at the dollar amount of debt you have; only the balance you owe, compared to how much credit is available to you.
- 3 practical steps to improve your credit score in the area of Revolving Accounts:
1. Do not close your credit accounts unless it is necessary to do so. It is better to have many open accounts with little or no balance than to have just one or two accounts regardless of the balance.
2. Do not concentrate large balances on just a few accounts. Pay outstanding debt down as close to zero as possible and evenly distribute the remaining balance across all your open credit lines. The key is to keep the balances down below 30% or at the very least 50% of your available credit lines.
3. Call your credit card companies and try to increase your available credit lines if they can do so without pulling a new credit report.
3. How long your accounts have been opened:
The longer your accounts have been opened, the higher your score will be; newly opened accounts will bring your score down. It is better to have numerous open accounts that have been open for a long period of time with low or zero balances than to close all of your old accounts. Here are 3 practical steps to help you improve your credit score in this area:
- 3 Practical Steps on how to improve your credit score in the area of length of time accounts have been opened:
1. Do not close your credit accounts. If you have too many department store credit cards, close the newest ones – do not close the old accounts. If you keep your accounts open and use them every once in a while your score will improve over time.
2. Think twice before jumping on that latest 0% credit card offer or opening a new card just to get a 10% discount at a department store.
3. If you don’t have much of a credit history, and you are planning on taking out a mortgage in the future, it would probably be a good idea to establish a few open credit lines with little or no balance on them. Although newly opened accounts tend to lower your score initially, they will improve your score once they have been open for awhile, somewhat active and paid off with little or no balance.
4. Type of credit that you currently have opened:
A good mixture of auto loans and leases, credit cards and mortgages is always best. Too many credit cards are not a good thing and having a mortgage definitely increases your score. Just as many financial advisors direct their clients in the financial market to diversify, the same holds true in the world of credit reporting. It is always better to diversify and have various open accounts in the areas of revolving, installment and mortgage debt. Here are some practical steps to improve your score in this area:
1. Having 3-5 revolving credit cards open is optimal.
2. Having a good mix of auto loans, credit cards and mortgages is positive for the score; rather than having a concentration of credit cards only.
5. Recent inquiries made by creditors:
Inquiries affect the score for one year from the time the inquiry is made. Personal inquiries do not count toward your score. In other words, you can check your credit report as often as you like and that won’t affect your score. The score is only affected if a potential creditor checks your credit. Potential creditors include credit card companies, auto finance companies, department stores and mortgage companies. The reason that inquiries impact your credit score is because the scoring system assumes that if you have many recent inquiries, you must be strapped for money and in some type of “panic” mode, trying to get credit wherever you can find it. The system also assumes that these inquiries will eventually result in new accounts being opened, and as stated before, the system doesn’t like you to open new accounts and punishes you by giving you a lower credit score.
- 3 practical steps that you can take to improve your credit score in the area of inquiries:
1. Multiple auto and mortgage inquiries are treated as only one inquiry if made within 45 days of each other. So, it is better to shop for a car or a mortgage over a two week time-frame rather than to prolong it over a longer timeframe.
2. Don’t apply for a lot of credit or open multiple credit cards at the same time.
3. If you are thinking of applying for a mortgage within the next 90 days or so, it would be wise to wait until after your mortgage closes before you apply for any new credit.
This report was designed through the resources available to the mortgage professionals employed at FBC Mortgage, LLC and should only be relied on as a guide to assist consumers in better understanding how the credit scoring system works and the possible steps they can take to improve their credit scores. FBC Mortgage, LLC and its affiliates are Licensed in the area of Mortgage Lending and are not be relied upon as Consumer Credit Reporting Agency. Please refer to the three National Credit Bureaus Equifax, TransUnion and Experian for more detailed information.